ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Cholera discovery could revolutionize antibiotic delivery
• Researchers explore how the brain perceives direction and location
• Science reveals the power of a handshake
• Daily vibration may combat prediabetes in youth
• Take control: Exploring how self-discipline works and how we might boost it
• Breakthrough offers new route to large-scale quantum computing
• Weight loss does not lower heart disease risk from type 2 diabetes, study suggests
• Pediatric studies show the flu's deadly danger, the benefits of school vaccinations
• Plant-based foods may offer reduced risk for aggressive prostate cancer
• Key player in Parkinson's disease neuron loss pinpointed
• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is both under and over diagnosed, study suggests
• Astronomers uncover a surprising trend in galaxy evolution
• Recession drives down U.S. national park visitation
• Beneficial mold packaged in bioplastic
• Studies target high rates of HIV medication errors among hospitalized patients
• Cell mechanism findings could one day be used to engineer organs
• Bowhead whales: Ancient DNA sheds light on Arctic whale mysteries
• World's largest earthquake drill: JPL scientists participate in Great California ShakeOut exercises
• NASA's Kennedy Space Center supporting effort to develop satellite servicing capabilities
• NASA C-20A completes radar study of Pacific Rim volcanoes
• Hubble sees galaxy in a spin
• Mars soil sample delivered for analysis inside rover
• How to prove a sexual addiction: Criteria for diagnosing 'hypersexual disorder' tested
• Goodness, gracious, great balls of lightning!
• Young people who go out drinking start earlier and consume more and more alcohol
• Obama has better leadership skills, survey shows
• Foster kids do equally well when adopted by gay, lesbian or heterosexual parents, study suggests
• Solar power used to study elephants in Africa
• Forest fires linked to high temperatures two years before
• Measuring women's risk of osteoporosis
• Debate reactions measured in real time
• How the brain forms categories
• Presidential debates offer body language tips for job interviews
• Sharp rise in children admitted to hospital with throat infections since 1999
• Deciphering the first epigenomes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
• First micro-structure atlas of human brain completed
• No survival advantage with peripheral blood stem cells versus bone marrow, study suggests
• Common risky behaviors of children struck by motor vehicles outlined
• Few teens undergo pregnancy testing in emergency department
• Collective violence and poverty on the Mexican-US border affects child mental health
• Fast image processing developed for industry
• A sharper look into the past for archaeology and climate research
• Evolution: New understandings of how populations change over time
• Pristine Maksimjärvensalo wilderness area remains in Republic of Karelia
• Low calcium diet linked to higher risk of hormone condition in women
• Possibilities, challenges, and applications of next-generation sequencing

Cholera discovery could revolutionize antibiotic delivery Posted: 19 Oct 2012 12:32 PM PDT Scientists have made a discovery that could help revolutionize antibiotic treatment of deadly bacteria. They have explained how Vibrio cholerae became a deadly pathogen thousands of years ago. Two genes within V. cholerae's genome make it toxic and deadly. The bacterium acquired these genes when a bacterial virus or bacteriophage called CTX-phi infected it.

Researchers explore how the brain perceives direction and location Posted: 19 Oct 2012 12:32 PM PDT Neurobiologists have studied the activity of special brain cells that make possible spatial navigation -- the process by which you establish where "here" is and how you get from here to "there."

Science reveals the power of a handshake Posted: 19 Oct 2012 11:13 AM PDT New neuroscience research is confirming an old adage about the power of a handshake: strangers do form a better impression of those who proffer their hand in greeting.

Daily vibration may combat prediabetes in youth Posted: 19 Oct 2012 11:12 AM PDT Daily sessions of whole-body vibration may combat prediabetes in adolescents. In mice that mimic over-eating adolescents headed toward diabetes, 20 minutes of daily vibration for eight weeks restored a healthy balance of key pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators and was better than prescription drugs at reducing levels of hemoglobin A1c, the most accurate indicator of average blood glucose levels, according to new research.

Take control: Exploring how self-discipline works and how we might boost it Posted: 19 Oct 2012 11:12 AM PDT Self-control helps us keep our cool, get things done, and resist the things that tempt us. Numerous studies have found evidence for the idea of self-control as a limited resource, but emerging research suggests that this model may not tell the whole story. New research explores the various mechanisms -- metabolic, cognitive, motivational, affective -- thought to underlie self-control.

Breakthrough offers new route to large-scale quantum computing Posted: 19 Oct 2012 11:12 AM PDT In a key step toward creating a working quantum computer, researchers have developed a method that may allow the quick and reliable transfer of quantum information throughout a computing device.

Weight loss does not lower heart disease risk from type 2 diabetes, study suggests Posted: 19 Oct 2012 11:12 AM PDT An intensive diet and exercise program resulting in weight loss does not reduce cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke in people with longstanding type 2 diabetes, according to a new study.

Pediatric studies show the flu's deadly danger, the benefits of school vaccinations Posted: 19 Oct 2012 11:12 AM PDT New data shows the fatal risk that influenza poses even for children without underlying health conditions and the effectiveness of school-based vaccination programs in protecting student populations. Together, these findings support the crucial public health message that families should take the flu virus seriously every year.

Plant-based foods may offer reduced risk for aggressive prostate cancer Posted: 19 Oct 2012 11:11 AM PDT A new study finds that a high intake of flavonoids, a group of compounds found in plants, may lower the risk for highly aggressive prostate cancer.

Key player in Parkinson's disease neuron loss pinpointed Posted: 19 Oct 2012 11:11 AM PDT By reprogramming skin cells from Parkinson's disease patients with a known genetic mutation, researchers have identified damage to neural stem cells as a powerful player in the disease. The findings may lead to new ways to diagnose and treat the disease.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is both under and over diagnosed, study suggests Posted: 19 Oct 2012 11:11 AM PDT Scientists have completed one of the largest studies on ADHD in the United States. The study shows that ADHD is both under and over diagnosed, a finding with important implications for both prevalence and treatment needs.

Astronomers uncover a surprising trend in galaxy evolution Posted: 19 Oct 2012 10:54 AM PDT A comprehensive study of hundreds of galaxies observed by the Keck telescopes in Hawaii and NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has revealed an unexpected pattern of change that extends back 8 billion years, or more than half the age of the universe.

Recession drives down U.S. national park visitation Posted: 19 Oct 2012 10:06 AM PDT A national recession doesn't just affect Americans' wallets. It also impacts their travel to national parks, a new study has found. Recent visitation statistics released by the US Department of Interior already noted the significant decrease in national park visitation -- dropping nearly 10 million since 1998 to 278 million visitors -- but this is the first study to link the drop to a bad economy.

Beneficial mold packaged in bioplastic Posted: 19 Oct 2012 10:06 AM PDT Aflatoxins are highly toxic carcinogens produced by several species of Aspergillus fungi. But not all Aspergillus produce aflatoxin. Some, in fact, are considered beneficial. One such strain, dubbed K49, is now being recruited to battle these harmful Aspergillus relatives, preventing them from contaminating host crops like corn with the carcinogen. Scientists have now devised a new method of applying K49 as a frontline defense against aflatoxin contamination in corn.

Studies target high rates of HIV medication errors among hospitalized patients Posted: 19 Oct 2012 10:05 AM PDT New research concludes that despite advances in electronic medical records, mistakes are still commonly made in the prescription of antiretroviral medications for hospitalized HIV-positive patients. At the same time, a trio of studies suggests however, that electronic records in combination with increased clinical education can help to greatly decrease medical errors.

Cell mechanism findings could one day be used to engineer organs Posted: 19 Oct 2012 10:05 AM PDT Biologists have teamed up with mechanical engineers to conduct cell research that provides information that may one day be used to engineer organs.

Bowhead whales: Ancient DNA sheds light on Arctic whale mysteries Posted: 19 Oct 2012 10:05 AM PDT Scientists have published the first range-wide genetic analysis of the bowhead whale using hundreds of samples from both modern populations and archaeological sites used by indigenous Arctic hunters thousands of years ago.

World's largest earthquake drill: JPL scientists participate in Great California ShakeOut exercises Posted: 19 Oct 2012 08:48 AM PDT On Thursday, Oct. 18, at 10:18 a.m. PDT, more than 9.3 million Californians, including employees at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., "dropped, covered and held on" during the 5th annual Great California ShakeOut, the world's largest earthquake drill. The purpose of the ShakeOut is to encourage people and organizations to be prepared to survive and recover when the next big earthquake happens.

NASA's Kennedy Space Center supporting effort to develop satellite servicing capabilities Posted: 19 Oct 2012 08:45 AM PDT With satellites playing increasingly important roles in everyday life, NASA is developing the technology to build Earth-orbiting, roving "service stations" capable of extending the life of these spacecraft. Engineers at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida are assisting the space agency's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., in developing the concept for bringing a high-technology gas pump, robotic mechanic and tow truck to satellites in space.

NASA C-20A completes radar study of Pacific Rim volcanoes Posted: 19 Oct 2012 08:44 AM PDT NASA's Airborne Science C-20A aircraft, carrying a specialized synthetic aperture radar, recently completed a mission to study active volcanoes in Alaska, Aleutian Islands and Japan in early October. The aircraft, a modified version of the Gulfstream III business jet, made 10 flights totaling more than 50 hours during the eight-day campaign. The Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR), developed and operated by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, collected 60 of 61 planned data lines.

Hubble sees galaxy in a spin Posted: 19 Oct 2012 08:42 AM PDT NGC 3344 is a glorious spiral galaxy around half the size of the Milky Way, which lies 25 million light-years distant. We are fortunate enough to see NGC 3344 face-on, allowing us to study its structure in detail.

Mars soil sample delivered for analysis inside rover Posted: 19 Oct 2012 08:38 AM PDT NASA's Mars rover Curiosity has ingested its first solid sample into an analytical instrument inside the rover, a capability at the core of the two-year mission.

How to prove a sexual addiction: Criteria for diagnosing 'hypersexual disorder' tested Posted: 19 Oct 2012 07:28 AM PDT Experts have tested a proposed set of criteria to define "Hypersexual Disorder" (HD), as a new mental health condition, and found the proposed criteria to be reliable and valid. The results will influence whether HD should be included in the forthcoming revised fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders considered the "bible" of psychiatry.

Goodness, gracious, great balls of lightning! Posted: 19 Oct 2012 07:28 AM PDT Australian scientists have unveiled a new theory which explains the mysterious phenomenon known as ball lightning.

Young people who go out drinking start earlier and consume more and more alcohol Posted: 19 Oct 2012 07:27 AM PDT Teenagers and university students are unaware of the negative consequences of alcohol consumption or the chances of developing an addiction as a result. In addition, they start at a younger and younger age and drink more and stronger alcohol according to a new study.

Obama has better leadership skills, survey shows Posted: 19 Oct 2012 07:26 AM PDT A new survey that evaluated the leadership skills of President Barack Obama and Republican challenger Mitt Romney has found that Obama scored significantly better than Romney in most leadership categories and in overall leadership skill.

Foster kids do equally well when adopted by gay, lesbian or heterosexual parents, study suggests Posted: 19 Oct 2012 06:45 AM PDT High-risk children adopted from foster care do equally well when placed with gay, lesbian and heterosexual parents, psychologists report.

Solar power used to study elephants in Africa Posted: 19 Oct 2012 06:45 AM PDT A team of elephant researchers has transformed a remote corner of southern Africa into a high-tech field camp run entirely on sunlight. The seasonal solar-powered research camp gives scientists a rare opportunity to quietly observe, videotape and photograph wild elephants at Mushara waterhole, an isolated oasis in Etosha National Park in Namibia.

Forest fires linked to high temperatures two years before Posted: 19 Oct 2012 06:45 AM PDT Researchers analyzed the impact of interannual and seasonal climate variability on the fires occurred in Catalonia, Spain, last summer. The study concludes that summer fires, related to summer climate conditions, are correlated with antecedent climate conditions, especially winter and spring ones with a lag time of two years. The results suggest that precipitation and temperature conditions regulate fuel flammability and fuel structure. According to the correlations observed, the study provides a model to produce long-term predictions.

Measuring women's risk of osteoporosis Posted: 19 Oct 2012 06:29 AM PDT For women of mixed racial or ethnic backgrounds, a new method for measuring bone health may improve the odds of correctly diagnosing their risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures.

Debate reactions measured in real time Posted: 19 Oct 2012 06:29 AM PDT Researchers are measuring audience reactions to the debates live, second-by-second, using state-of-the-art technology. For the final debate, they will have people from the community participate. The research center will have 10 Republicans and 10 Democrats, a mix of men and women, watch and rate the debate performance in real time.

How the brain forms categories Posted: 19 Oct 2012 06:29 AM PDT Neurobiologists have investigated how the brain is able to group external stimuli into stable categories. They found the answer in the discrete dynamics of neuronal circuits.

Presidential debates offer body language tips for job interviews Posted: 19 Oct 2012 06:29 AM PDT Considering President Barack Obama and GOP nominee Mitt Romney are seeking the nation's top job, watching Monday's Presidential debate could be just the prep needed to ace your next job interview. While pointing fingers, interrupting and smirking are never recommended in a professional setting, job seekers can learn a lot from the candidates' speech and body language.

Sharp rise in children admitted to hospital with throat infections since 1999 Posted: 19 Oct 2012 05:21 AM PDT The number of children admitted to hospital in England for acute throat infections increased by 76 per cent between 1999 and 2010, according to new research.

Deciphering the first epigenomes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia Posted: 19 Oct 2012 05:21 AM PDT Researchers have deciphered the first epigenomes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

First micro-structure atlas of human brain completed Posted: 19 Oct 2012 05:21 AM PDT Scientists have built the first atlas of white-matter microstructure in the human brain. The project's final results have the potential to change the face of neuroscience and medicine over the coming decade.

No survival advantage with peripheral blood stem cells versus bone marrow, study suggests Posted: 19 Oct 2012 04:15 AM PDT Medical researchers conducted a two-year clinical trial comparing two-year survival probabilities for patients transplanted with peripheral blood stem cells or bone marrow stem cells from unrelated donors.

Common risky behaviors of children struck by motor vehicles outlined Posted: 19 Oct 2012 04:15 AM PDT Pediatricians have outlined the risky behavior of child pedestrians who are struck by cars -- including darting into the street, crossing in the middle of the block, and crossing while using an electronic device.

Few teens undergo pregnancy testing in emergency department Posted: 19 Oct 2012 04:15 AM PDT Few adolescent females undergo pregnancy testing in the hospital emergency department, even when they complain of lower abdominal pain, or before they are exposed to radiation for tests or examinations, according to a new study.

Collective violence and poverty on the Mexican-US border affects child mental health Posted: 19 Oct 2012 04:15 AM PDT Collective violence attributed to organized crime and poverty are adversely affecting the mental health of children living near the Texas-Mexico border, according to new research.

Fast image processing developed for industry Posted: 19 Oct 2012 04:14 AM PDT The mining and steel industries, as well as the aggregates industry that produces rock and stone for construction and industry needs, were the focus end-users for new fast image analysis capabilities for measurement feedback in industry processes. Researchers have developed LTU-CUDA, a software for fast image processing based on high performance graphics cards commonly found in today's personal computers.

A sharper look into the past for archaeology and climate research Posted: 19 Oct 2012 04:14 AM PDT By using a new series of measurements of radiocarbon dates on seasonally laminated sediments from Lake Suigetsu in Japan, a more precise calibration of radiocarbon dating will be possible. In combination with an accurate count of the seasonal layered deposits in the lake, the study resulted in an unprecedented precision of the known 14C method with which it is now possible to date older objects of climate research and archeology more precisely than previously achievable.

Evolution: New understandings of how populations change over time Posted: 19 Oct 2012 04:14 AM PDT Since 1859, when Darwin's classic work "On the Origin of Species" was published, we have known that populations change over the course of time.  The ability to adapt to changing surroundings is the basis for evolution and is crucial for animals and plants to come to terms with new environmental conditions, for example as a consequence of climate change.  Despite the obvious importance of the process, however, we still do not understand the underlying mechanisms.  It is clear that organisms change their DNA in response to selection pressures.  But how?

Pristine Maksimjärvensalo wilderness area remains in Republic of Karelia Posted: 19 Oct 2012 04:14 AM PDT Maksimjärvensalo, situated south of the Kostamus Strict Nature Reserve, is a wilderness area unaffected by loggings, thus being an important part of the Green Belt of Fennoscandia. A proposal has been made to protect it as part of the GAP analysis development project of the protected area network in Northwest Russia. Many observations of polypores, lichens and bryophytes threatened in Finland have been made in the area. Some of these species are classified as threatened in Karelia, as well. The continuous forested wilderness area also provides an important habitat for the forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus) whose populations have declined rapidly in Karelia.

Low calcium diet linked to higher risk of hormone condition in women Posted: 18 Oct 2012 03:59 PM PDT A low calcium diet is associated with a higher risk of developing a common hormone condition in women, known as primary hyperparathyroidism, a new study suggests.

Possibilities, challenges, and applications of next-generation sequencing Posted: 18 Oct 2012 01:20 PM PDT A report provides a detailed and compelling overview of the landscape of next generation sequencing (NGS) technology and its clinical relevance and impact on improving patient care.

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