ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Icarus experiment measures neutrino speed: Even neutrinos are not faster than light
• Fundamental steps needed now in global redesign of Earth system governance, experts say
• NASA sees cyclone Lua strengthening for March 17 landfall
• Common virus can lead to life-threatening conditions in children
• Ultracold experiments heat up quantum research
• Using virtual worlds to 'soft control' people's movements in the real one
• Past in monsoon changes linked to major shifts in Indian civilizations
• Who wouldn't pay a penny for a sports car? The right strategy doesn't guarantee advantage in auctions, real estate or stock market
• Nanopills release drugs directly from the inside of cells
• Sharing patents with competitors may encourage innovation as probability for market success increases, study suggests
• Gambling addictions expert warns of dangers of internet gambling, especially on youth
• Highly exposed to phthalates as fetuses, female mice have altered reproductive lives
• Live cells 'printed' using standard inkjet printer
• Glacier-fed river systems threatened by climate change
• Checking off symptoms online affects our perceptions of risk
• Increase in Arctic shipping is risk to marine mammals
• Early spring drives butterfly population declines: 'Ahead-of-time' snowmelt triggers chains of events in the Mormon Fritillary butterfly
• Straintronics: Engineers create piezoelectric graphene
• Brain imaging study finds evidence of basis for caregiving impulse
• Nano rescues skin: Shrimp shell nanotech for wound healing and anti-aging face cream
• Lyme disease surge predicted for Northeastern US: Due to acorns and mice, not mild winter
• First step taken to image ultra-fast movements in chemical reactions
• Glittering Jewels of Messier 9
• Australian saltwater crocodiles are world’s most powerful biters
• New technique lights up the creation of holograms
• White rice increases risk of Type 2 diabetes
• European grasslands challenge rainforests as the most species-rich spaces on Earth
• Deprived of sex, jilted flies drink more alcohol
• Suppressing feelings of compassion makes people feel less moral

Icarus experiment measures neutrino speed: Even neutrinos are not faster than light Posted: 16 Mar 2012 05:47 PM PDT The ICARUS experiment at the Italian Gran Sasso laboratory has reported a new measurement of the time of flight of neutrinos from CERN to Gran Sasso. The ICARUS measurement, using last year's short pulsed beam from CERN, indicates that the neutrinos do not exceed the speed of light on their journey between the two laboratories. This is at odds with the initial measurement reported by OPERA last September.

Fundamental steps needed now in global redesign of Earth system governance, experts say Posted: 16 Mar 2012 04:53 PM PDT Some 32 social scientists and researchers from around the world have concluded that fundamental reforms of global environmental governance are needed to avoid dangerous changes in the Earth system. The scientists argued in the journal Science that the time is now for a "constitutional moment" in world politics.

NASA sees cyclone Lua strengthening for March 17 landfall Posted: 16 Mar 2012 03:57 PM PDT Northern Australia's Pilbara coast is under warnings, alerts and watches as powerful Cyclone Lua nears for a landfall. NASA's Aqua satellite has been providing infrared, visible and microwave data on Lua that have shown forecasters the storm is strengthening on its approach to land.

Common virus can lead to life-threatening conditions in children Posted: 16 Mar 2012 02:51 PM PDT Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a common virus that infects the lungs and breathing passage ways. Though it may only produce minor cold symptoms in adults, it can lead to serious illness in young children and those with compromised immune systems.

Ultracold experiments heat up quantum research Posted: 16 Mar 2012 02:51 PM PDT Physicists have experimentally demonstrated for the first time that atoms chilled to temperatures near absolute zero may behave like seemingly unrelated natural systems of vastly different scales, offering potential insights into links between the atomic realm and deep questions of cosmology.

Using virtual worlds to 'soft control' people's movements in the real one Posted: 16 Mar 2012 12:38 PM PDT Computer science researchers have developed a way to exert limited control on how people move, pushing them out of their regular travel patterns. The key: tapping into some of their cell phone applications. The findings could elicit a broader range of user-collected data by driving foot traffic to under-utilized areas.

Past in monsoon changes linked to major shifts in Indian civilizations Posted: 16 Mar 2012 11:58 AM PDT A fundamental shift in the Indian monsoon has occurred over the last few millennia, from a steady humid monsoon that favored lush vegetation to extended periods of drought, researchers report. Their study has implications for our understanding of the monsoon's response to climate change.

Who wouldn't pay a penny for a sports car? The right strategy doesn't guarantee advantage in auctions, real estate or stock market Posted: 16 Mar 2012 11:57 AM PDT In a study of lowest unique bid auctions, researchers asked: Who wins these auctions, the strategic gambler or the lucky one? The answer is the lucky. But, ironically, it's a lucky person using a winning strategy. The researchers found that all players intuitively use the right strategy, and that turns the auction into a game of pure chance. The findings provide insight into playing the stock market, real estate market and other gambles.

Nanopills release drugs directly from the inside of cells Posted: 16 Mar 2012 11:57 AM PDT Researchers in Spain have created nanoparticles which can release drugs directly from the cells' interior. The technology, which has been named "nanopills," was licensed to a firm that has verified its tolerance by administering it in vivo.

Sharing patents with competitors may encourage innovation as probability for market success increases, study suggests Posted: 16 Mar 2012 11:57 AM PDT Firms that make a previously patented innovation accessible to competitors increase overall likelihood of improving upon that breakthrough while also raising profits for the original innovator and market welfare, according to a new study.

Gambling addictions expert warns of dangers of internet gambling, especially on youth Posted: 16 Mar 2012 11:56 AM PDT Participating in an online March Madness bracket or fantasy sport league is harmless fun for most people, but for someone with a gambling addiction, it can be a dangerous temptation. "Now, with states entertaining the possibility of increasing revenue through legalizing internet gambling, it is even more important to pay attention to groups that may be vulnerable to problem gambling, particularly youth," says Renee Cunningham-Williams, a gambling addictions expert. "Internet gambling provides youth with increased opportunities to gamble, which is particularly concerning because this generation is arguably the most technologically savvy of any generation in history."

Highly exposed to phthalates as fetuses, female mice have altered reproductive lives Posted: 16 Mar 2012 08:26 AM PDT Many environmental and public health officials are concerned about the potential health effects of phthalates, which are common chemicals used to make plastics softer and more pliable. In the first study to examine what effect in utero doses of phthalates have on the reproductive system of mice, toxicologists found that extremely high doses were associated with significant changes, such as a shortened reproductive lifespan and abnormal cell growth in mammary glands.

Live cells 'printed' using standard inkjet printer Posted: 16 Mar 2012 08:26 AM PDT Researchers have found a way to create temporary holes in the membranes of live cells using a standard inkjet printer. Creating temporary pores allow researchers to put molecules inside of cells that wouldn't otherwise fit, and study how the cells react.

Glacier-fed river systems threatened by climate change Posted: 16 Mar 2012 08:26 AM PDT As glaciers vanish due to global warming, so will those species dependent upon the icy runoff.

Checking off symptoms online affects our perceptions of risk Posted: 16 Mar 2012 08:26 AM PDT You've been feeling under the weather. You Google your symptoms. A half-hour later, you're convinced it's nothing serious -- or afraid you have cancer. More than 60 percent of Americans get their health information online, and a majority of those decide whether to see a doctor based on what they find. "Wow, this is an era of self-diagnosis," thought Arizona State University psychologist Virginia Kwan, learning that statistic. Psychologists have asked how might online information affect individual health decisions?

Increase in Arctic shipping is risk to marine mammals Posted: 16 Mar 2012 08:25 AM PDT A rapid increase in shipping in the formerly ice-choked waterways of the Arctic poses a significant increase in risk to the region's marine mammals and the local communities that rely on them for food security and cultural identity, according to experts.

Early spring drives butterfly population declines: 'Ahead-of-time' snowmelt triggers chains of events in the Mormon Fritillary butterfly Posted: 16 Mar 2012 07:16 AM PDT Early snowmelt caused by climate change in the Colorado Rocky Mountains snowballs into two chains of events: a decrease in the number of flowers, which, in turn, decreases available nectar. The result is decline in a population of the Mormon Fritillary butterfly, Speyeria mormonia.

Straintronics: Engineers create piezoelectric graphene Posted: 16 Mar 2012 06:45 AM PDT By depositing atoms on one side of a grid of the "miracle material" graphene, researchers ave engineered piezoelectricity into a nanoscale material for the first time. The implications could yield dramatic degree of control in nanotechnology.

Brain imaging study finds evidence of basis for caregiving impulse Posted: 16 Mar 2012 06:45 AM PDT Distinct patterns of activity -- which may indicate a predisposition to care for infants -- appear in the brains of adults who view an image of an infant face -- even when the child is not theirs, according to a study by an international team of researchers.

Nano rescues skin: Shrimp shell nanotech for wound healing and anti-aging face cream Posted: 16 Mar 2012 06:44 AM PDT Nanoparticles containing chitosan have been shown to have effective antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Escherichia coli. The materials could be used as a protective wound-healing material to avoid opportunistic infection as well as working to facilitate wound healing.

Lyme disease surge predicted for Northeastern US: Due to acorns and mice, not mild winter Posted: 16 Mar 2012 06:44 AM PDT The northeastern US should prepare for a surge in Lyme disease this spring. And we can blame fluctuations in acorns and mouse populations, not the mild winter.

First step taken to image ultra-fast movements in chemical reactions Posted: 16 Mar 2012 06:40 AM PDT Researchers have fired ultra-fast shots of light at oxygen, nitrogen and carbon monoxide molecules as part of a development aimed at mapping the astonishingly quick movements of atoms within molecules, as well as the charges that surround them. The ultra-short laser that spans only a few hundred attoseconds – an attosecond is equivalent to one quintillionth of a second – was fired in a sample of molecules and could pave the way towards imaging the movement of atoms and their electrons as they undergo a chemical reaction – one of the holy grails of chemistry research.

Glittering Jewels of Messier 9 Posted: 16 Mar 2012 06:40 AM PDT The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has produced the so far most detailed image so far of Messier 9, a globular star cluster located close to the centre of the galaxy. This ball of stars is too faint to see with the naked eye, yet Hubble can see over 250 000 individual stars shining in it.

Australian saltwater crocodiles are world’s most powerful biters Posted: 16 Mar 2012 06:34 AM PDT Marine biologists have been pondering a particularly painful-sounding question: How hard do alligators and crocodiles bite? The answer is a bite force value of 3,700 pounds for a 17-foot saltwater crocodile (as well as tooth pressures of 350,000 pounds per square inch). That's the highest bite force ever recorded.

New technique lights up the creation of holograms Posted: 16 Mar 2012 06:34 AM PDT Researchers have developed a unique way to create full-color holograms with the aid of surface plasmons.

White rice increases risk of Type 2 diabetes Posted: 15 Mar 2012 07:57 PM PDT The risk of Type 2 diabetes is significantly increased if white rice is eaten regularly, claims a new study.

European grasslands challenge rainforests as the most species-rich spaces on Earth Posted: 15 Mar 2012 07:57 PM PDT The city of Manila holds the human world record for the most densely populated space and now an international team of ecologists are seeking the natural equivalent, the most species rich area on earth. The team's findings reveal the record is contested between South America's tropical rainforests and Central European meadows.

Deprived of sex, jilted flies drink more alcohol Posted: 15 Mar 2012 11:50 AM PDT Scientists have discovered that a tiny molecule in the fly's brain called neuropeptide F governs this behavior—as the levels of the molecule change in their brains, the flies' behavior changes as well.

Suppressing feelings of compassion makes people feel less moral Posted: 15 Mar 2012 08:04 AM PDT It's normal to not always act on your sense of compassion -- for example, by walking past a beggar on the street without giving them any money. Maybe you want to save your money or avoid engaging with a homeless person. But even if suppressing compassion avoids these costs, it may carry a personal cost of its own, according to a new study.

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ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Near-miss asteroid will return next year, even closer
• Wild orangutans stressed by eco-tourists, but not for long, study out of North Borneo finds
• Process makes polymers truly plastic, changing textures on demand
• A wandering mind reveals mental processes and priorities
• Graphene supercapacitor holds promise for portable electronics
• Was human evolution caused by climate change?
• Sex-deprived fruit flies turn to alcohol, perhaps to fulfill a physiological demand for a reward
• Implanted Biofuel Cell Operating in Living Snail
• With climate change, US could face risk from Chagas disease
• Hotspots for biogenesis of small RNA molecules in plant cells discovered
• Basketball-sized eyes help squids play defense
• Protein researchers unravel the molecular dance of DNA repair
• Revolution in personalized medicine: First-ever integrative 'Omics' profile lets scientist discover, track his diabetes onset
• Researcher watches the start of his own disease with unprecedented detail
• Giant squids' giant eyes: The better to see hungry whales with
• Rising ocean temperatures harm protected coral reefs
• Researchers create more efficient hydrogen fuel cells
• The power of being heard: Group with less power benefits more from sharing its perspective
• Cell phone use in pregnancy may cause behavioral disorders in offspring, mouse study suggests
• Animal health breakthrough: Research uncovers genetic marker that could help control, eliminate PRRS virus
• Research examines momentum in the NFL
• Cheaper drugs and better health care with a single chip
• Inner workings of magnets may lead to faster computers
• Vineyard records link early grape ripening to climate change
• Diverse catches are better for fishery ecosystems
• Clash of the crayfish: Why the Americans are winning
• Solitary waves induce waveguide that can split light beams
• First atomic hydrogen spectral line images of a nearby galaxy
• Cold atoms simulate graphene
• Believing the impossible: No evidence for existence of psychic ability found
• Dietary cadmium may be linked with breast cancer risk
• Recent generations focus more on fame, money than giving back
• Plants 'remember' drought, change responses to survive
• Hubble finds quasars acting as gravitational lenses
• NASA sub-scale solid-rocket motor tests material for Space Launch System

Near-miss asteroid will return next year, even closer Posted: 15 Mar 2012 07:56 PM PDT An amateur team discovered the unusual asteroid, dubbed 2012 DA14, on 22 February. Its small size and orbit meant that it was spotted only after it had flown past Earth at about seven times the distance of the Moon. However, current predictions indicate that on its next flyby, due on 15 February 2013, it will pass Earth at just 24,000 km – closer than many commercial satellites.

Wild orangutans stressed by eco-tourists, but not for long, study out of North Borneo finds Posted: 15 Mar 2012 07:55 PM PDT Wild orangutans that have come into contact with eco-tourists over a period of years show an immediate stress response but no signs of chronic stress, unlike other species in which permanent alterations in stress responses have been documented, new research from an Indiana University anthropologist has found.

Process makes polymers truly plastic, changing textures on demand Posted: 15 Mar 2012 01:14 PM PDT Just as a chameleon changes its color to blend in with its environment, engineers have demonstrated for the first time that they can alter the texture of plastics on demand, for example, switching back and forth between a rough surface and a smooth one.

A wandering mind reveals mental processes and priorities Posted: 15 Mar 2012 01:13 PM PDT Odds are, you're not going to make it all the way through this article without thinking about something else. In fact, studies have found that our minds are wandering half the time, drifting off to thoughts unrelated to what we're doing – did I remember to turn off the light? What should I have for dinner?

Graphene supercapacitor holds promise for portable electronics Posted: 15 Mar 2012 12:25 PM PDT Researchers have used a standard LightScribe DVD optical drive to produce electrodes composed of an expanded network of graphene that shows excellent mechanical and electrical properties as well as exceptionally high surface area. These LSG supercapacitors demonstrate high-performance graphene-based electrochemical capacitors that maintain excellent electrochemical attributes under high mechanical stress and may be ideal energy storage systems for next generation flexible, portable electronics.

Was human evolution caused by climate change? Posted: 15 Mar 2012 12:25 PM PDT Models of how animal and plant distributions are affected by climate change may also explain aspects of human evolution.

Sex-deprived fruit flies turn to alcohol, perhaps to fulfill a physiological demand for a reward Posted: 15 Mar 2012 11:54 AM PDT After being deprived of sex, male fruit flies may turn to alcohol to fulfill a physiological demand for a reward, according to a new study. Neurobiology experts say that understanding why rejected male flies find solace in ethanol could help treat human addictions.

Implanted Biofuel Cell Operating in Living Snail Posted: 15 Mar 2012 11:50 AM PDT Researchers have implanted a biofuel cell in a living snail. This is the first incidence of an implanted biofuel cell continuously operating in a snail and producing electrical power over a long period of time using the snail's physiologically produced glucose as a fuel.

With climate change, US could face risk from Chagas disease Posted: 15 Mar 2012 11:02 AM PDT People in the US may be at higher risk for Chagas disease than previously understood. A new study finds that 38 percent of kissing bugs collected in Arizona and California contained human blood and that more than 50 percent of the bugs also carried the parasite that causes this life-threatening disease. This upends the view that US kissing bug species don't regularly feed on people and suggests that Chagas could spread, driven north by climate change.

Hotspots for biogenesis of small RNA molecules in plant cells discovered Posted: 15 Mar 2012 10:59 AM PDT Throughout their life, plants form leaves and side roots. These two types of organs have something in common: their development is finely tuned by small regulatory RNA molecules, the trans-acting short interfering RNAs (ta-siRNAs). Scientists were now able to demonstrate how and where within the plant cell these ta-siRNAs are produced. They succeeded in identifying hotspots for the biogenesis of these special RNA molecules.

Basketball-sized eyes help squids play defense Posted: 15 Mar 2012 09:30 AM PDT Researchers have used complex computations to explain squids' massive peepers. Giant squids' 10-inch eyes allow them to see very large and hungry sperm whales from a distance in the pitch darkness of their deep-sea home.

Protein researchers unravel the molecular dance of DNA repair Posted: 15 Mar 2012 09:30 AM PDT Using state-of-the-art technology, scientists have successfully obtained "molecular snapshots" of tens of thousands processes involved in DNA damage repair. The results will help unravel exactly how cells repair their broken DNA, how chemotherapy affects cells' workings and will assist in the discovery of new drugs with fewer side effects.

Revolution in personalized medicine: First-ever integrative 'Omics' profile lets scientist discover, track his diabetes onset Posted: 15 Mar 2012 09:30 AM PDT Researchers have reached an unprecedented analysis in the field of personalized medicine. Their findings rely on collecting and analyzing billions of individual bits of data, an integrative Personal "Omics" Profile, or iPOP. "Omics" indicates the study of a body of information, such as the genome or the proteome. The iPOP can identify and predict myriad problems including diabetes, and researchers say that such dynamic monitoring will soon become commonplace.

Researcher watches the start of his own disease with unprecedented detail Posted: 15 Mar 2012 09:30 AM PDT These days, most of us don't head to the doctor until we are already ill. What if you could see disease approaching just as it starts to head your way? A new study focused on human biology shows that this futuristic notion is already in reach.

Giant squids' giant eyes: The better to see hungry whales with Posted: 15 Mar 2012 09:30 AM PDT Researchers have used complex computations to explain those massive peepers. Giant squids' 10-inch eyes allow them to see very large and hungry sperm whales from a distance in the pitch darkness of their deep-sea home.

Rising ocean temperatures harm protected coral reefs Posted: 15 Mar 2012 08:30 AM PDT Special conservation zones known as marine protected areas provide many direct benefits to fisheries and coral reefs. However, such zones appear to offer limited help to corals in their battle against global warming, according to a new study.

Researchers create more efficient hydrogen fuel cells Posted: 15 Mar 2012 08:04 AM PDT Hydrogen fuel cells, like those found in some "green" vehicles, have a lot of promise as an alternative fuel source, but making them practical on a large scale requires them to be more efficient and cost effective. Scientists may have now found a way around both hurdles.

The power of being heard: Group with less power benefits more from sharing its perspective Posted: 15 Mar 2012 08:01 AM PDT Researchers have shown that when it comes to intergroup conflict, the group with less power benefits more from sharing its perspective.

Cell phone use in pregnancy may cause behavioral disorders in offspring, mouse study suggests Posted: 15 Mar 2012 08:01 AM PDT Exposure to radiation from cell phones during pregnancy affects the brain development of offspring, potentially leading to hyperactivity, researchers have determined.

Animal health breakthrough: Research uncovers genetic marker that could help control, eliminate PRRS virus Posted: 15 Mar 2012 07:59 AM PDT Scientists have recently discovered a genetic marker that identifies pigs with reduced susceptibility to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, or PRRS. The discovery may improve animal health and save the U.S. pork industry millions of dollars each year.

Research examines momentum in the NFL Posted: 15 Mar 2012 07:59 AM PDT Is the existence and effect of momentum real, or is it a sports superstition? New research analyzes five years' worth of plays in the NFL.

Cheaper drugs and better health care with a single chip Posted: 15 Mar 2012 06:58 AM PDT A researcher is developing technologies to miniaturize the first phase of a process used by pharmaceutical companies to discover new drugs. A breakthrough could ultimately lead to personalized and therefore more effective medical treatments, as well as major health care savings.

Inner workings of magnets may lead to faster computers Posted: 15 Mar 2012 06:58 AM PDT Using the world's fastest light source -- specialized X-ray lasers -- scientists have revealed the secret inner life of magnets, a finding that could lead to faster and "smarter" computers.

Vineyard records link early grape ripening to climate change Posted: 15 Mar 2012 06:58 AM PDT By using decades of vineyard records, scientists have for the first time been able to attribute early ripening of wine grapes to climate warming and declines in soil water content.

Diverse catches are better for fishery ecosystems Posted: 15 Mar 2012 06:58 AM PDT Fishing for a "balanced harvest" can achieve productive fisheries as well as environmental conservation, an international scientific team reports.

Clash of the crayfish: Why the Americans are winning Posted: 15 Mar 2012 06:55 AM PDT Aggressive American signal crayfish are threatening Britain's native white-clawed crayfish populations because they have better resistance to parasites and are less fussy about what they eat.

Solitary waves induce waveguide that can split light beams Posted: 15 Mar 2012 06:50 AM PDT Scientists have performed simulations to help understand the occurrence of multiple solitary optical waves that are used to reconfigure optical beams. Researchers have designed the first theoretical model that describes the occurrence of multiple solitary optical waves, referred to as dark photovoltaic spatial solitons.

First atomic hydrogen spectral line images of a nearby galaxy Posted: 15 Mar 2012 06:49 AM PDT Astronomers have now observed the radio emission from the neutral hydrogen gas (HI) in a nearby galaxy. Hydrogen gas emits radio emission in a spectral line at a very specific frequency of 1420 MHz.

Cold atoms simulate graphene Posted: 15 Mar 2012 06:49 AM PDT Physicists Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov from Manchester University were the first to isolate and identify graphene in 2004. Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms, which form a two-dimensional honeycomb structure. This makes graphene an exceptionally good conductor, of great interest for future electronic devices. Physicists have now simulated graphene in order to better understand its amazing properties. The newly created tool now offers new options in the search for useful materials.

Believing the impossible: No evidence for existence of psychic ability found Posted: 15 Mar 2012 06:47 AM PDT Research failing to find evidence for the existence of psychic ability has been published, following a year of industry debate.

Dietary cadmium may be linked with breast cancer risk Posted: 15 Mar 2012 06:45 AM PDT Dietary cadmium, a toxic metal widely dispersed in the environment and found in many farm fertilizers, may lead to an increased risk of breast cancer, according to a new study. Cadmium occurs at low concentrations naturally, but scientists are concerned because contamination of farmland mainly due to atmospheric deposition and use of fertilizers leads to higher uptake in plants. Consuming whole grains and vegetables may counteract the effects.

Recent generations focus more on fame, money than giving back Posted: 15 Mar 2012 06:45 AM PDT The times are changing, and not necessarily for the better when it comes to giving back to society, according to 40 years of research on 9 million young adults. Since the baby boomer generation, there has been a significant decline among young Americans in political participation, concern for others and interest in saving the environment, according to a new study.

Plants 'remember' drought, change responses to survive Posted: 15 Mar 2012 06:44 AM PDT Plants subjected to a previous period of drought learn to deal with the stress thanks to their memories of the previous experience, new research has found. The findings could lead to development of crops better able to withstand drought.

Hubble finds quasars acting as gravitational lenses Posted: 15 Mar 2012 06:44 AM PDT Astronomers have found several examples of galaxies containing quasars, which act as gravitational lenses, amplifying and distorting images of galaxies aligned behind them.

NASA sub-scale solid-rocket motor tests material for Space Launch System Posted: 15 Mar 2012 06:42 AM PDT A sub-scale solid rocket motor designed to mimic NASA's Space Launch System, or SLS, booster design successfully was tested today by engineers at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala. The 20-second firing tested new insulation materials on the 24-inch-diameter, 109-inch-long motor. The motor is a scaled down, low-cost replica of the solid rocket motors that will boost SLS off the launch pad.

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