ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Sexually abused women much less likely to be screened for cervical cancer, research finds
• Surgeons associate preoperative falls with worse postoperative outcomes in older adults
• Apixaban superior to warfarin across range of patient risk scores, study finds
• Irreversible warming will cause sea levels to rise for thousands of years to come, new research shows
• My life on Mars: Engineering student experiences life on the Red Planet
• Pedestrian accidents are more severe for seniors and more preventable for young people
• New technologies advance livestock genomics for agricultural and biomedical uses
• Snakes in the wild harbor deadly mosquito-borne EEEV virus through hibernation, study finds
• Obese brain may thwart weight loss: Diets high in saturated fat, refined sugar may cause brain changes that fuel overconsumption
• Patients feel more control of their health when doctors share notes
• Immune system harnessed to improve stem cell transplant outcomes
• Study affirms safety of HPV4 vaccine for adolescents and young women in routine clinical care
• High use of U.S. Medicare skilled nursing benefit at end of life, study suggests
• Psychiatric disorders persist after youths leave detention, study finds
• Clam shells yield clues to Atlantic’s climate history
• Anemia negatively impacts heart surgery outcomes, study finds
• Breakthrough in understanding lung cancer vulnerabilities points the way to new targeted therapy
• Baboon personalities connected to social success and health benefits
• Homolog of mammalian neocortex found in bird brain
• Potential new class of drugs blocks nerve cell death
• Misconduct, not error, accounts for most scientific paper retractions: 10-fold increase in fraud-related retractions found
• Tree rings go with the flow of the Amazon
• Restricting nuclear power has little effect on the cost of climate policies
• Auto experts recognize cars like most people recognize faces
• Tolerance for ambiguity explains adolescents' penchant for risky behaviors
• U.S. firms bringing work home from overseas, study finds
• Fluoxetine increases aggressive behavior, affects brain development among adolescent hamsters
• Surgeons develop framework to assess long-term impact of facial transplant operations
• Form of small pox virus shows potential for treating triple-negative breast cancer
• Atmospheric aerosol climate caution
• Stem cells improve visual function in blind mice
• Popular antidepressant might prevent heart failure
• Zinc deficiency mechanism linked to aging, multiple diseases
• Keeping hunters out of the hospital
• Smartphone technology acceptable for telemedicine
• Omega-3 supplements may slow a biological effect of aging
• No relief for relief workers: Humanitarian aid work raises risk of depression and anxiety
• Marine animals could hold key to looking young: Sea cucumbers, sea urchins can change elasticity of collagen
• Meeting pigs' phosphorous requirements with fermented soybean meal
• Severely obese are fastest growing group of overweight Americans, study finds
• Biological markers increase clinical trial success rate of new breast cancer drugs
• Low birth weight may increase risk for cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and diabetes
• Camels to help fight Alzheimer's? New class of antibody from camelids that can cross the blood-brain barrier
• PET predicts early response to treatment for head and neck cancer patients
• Association between common heartburn drugs and risk of pneumonia questioned
• Macrophage accumulation of triglycerides yields insights into atherosclerosis
• Baby communication gives clues to autism
• Trapping weevils and saving monarchs
• Poor sleep in adolescents may increase risk of heart disease
• Sugar-free approach to treating Kaposi sarcoma
• Engineering the immune system to fight melanoma
• As flu season approaches, why do college students ignore the H1N1 vaccine?
• Moderate alcohol consumption may increase risk of atrial fibrillation in people with heart disease
• Yearlong MAGIC climate study launches: Climate instruments mounted aboard the Horizon Spirit container ship begin taking data
• 'Green Brain' project to create an autonomous flying robot with a honey bee brain
• Chaos theory and a little physics predict the outcome at the roulette table
• Chemical memory of seawater: Scientists examine biomolecules dissolved in the ocean and read them like a history book
• Computerized osteoporosis detection
• Reduced glaucoma risk found in patients who take statins
• How immune cells defend themselves against HIV

Sexually abused women much less likely to be screened for cervical cancer, research finds Posted: 01 Oct 2012 04:15 PM PDT Women who have been sexually abused as children or young adults are much less likely to get screened for cervical cancer than other women, indicates new research.

Surgeons associate preoperative falls with worse postoperative outcomes in older adults Posted: 01 Oct 2012 04:15 PM PDT New findings indicate that preoperative falls in older surgical patients are a powerful predictor of complications, prolonged hospital stays, and higher rates of disability.

Apixaban superior to warfarin across range of patient risk scores, study finds Posted: 01 Oct 2012 04:15 PM PDT A new anticoagulant called apixaban is superior to warfarin in preventing stroke with consistent effects across a wide range of stroke and bleeding risk in patients with atrial fibrillation, according to researchers.

Irreversible warming will cause sea levels to rise for thousands of years to come, new research shows Posted: 01 Oct 2012 04:15 PM PDT Greenhouse gas emissions up to now have triggered an irreversible warming of Earth that will cause sea levels to rise for thousands of years to come, new research has shown.

My life on Mars: Engineering student experiences life on the Red Planet Posted: 01 Oct 2012 04:15 PM PDT As NASA's Curiosity rover scours the surface of Mars and beams pictures of the stark and desolate landscape back to Earth, we've begun to paint a picture of what living on the red planet might actually be like. Ashley Dale, a Ph.D. student at the University of Bristol, brings this image to life by giving his account of the two weeks he spent living in the Utah desert as part of a simulated Mars mission.

Pedestrian accidents are more severe for seniors and more preventable for young people Posted: 01 Oct 2012 03:22 PM PDT New research identifies preventable reasons why young pedestrians are struck by motor vehicles and injury severity differences among children, seniors

New technologies advance livestock genomics for agricultural and biomedical uses Posted: 01 Oct 2012 02:12 PM PDT New genome editing technologies developed for use on livestock will allow scientists to learn more about human diseases. The genomic technique, known as TALENS, is cheaper and faster than previous technologies that allow scientists to genetically modify livestock animals; the animals are used to learn more about human diseases, which in turn can help researchers develop cures.

Snakes in the wild harbor deadly mosquito-borne EEEV virus through hibernation, study finds Posted: 01 Oct 2012 02:12 PM PDT Snakes in the wild serve as hosts for the deadly mosquito-borne Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus, possibly acting as a "bridge" to the next season, according to researchers studying endemic areas in the Tuskegee National Forest in Alabama.

Obese brain may thwart weight loss: Diets high in saturated fat, refined sugar may cause brain changes that fuel overconsumption Posted: 01 Oct 2012 02:11 PM PDT New research indicates that diets that lead to obesity -- diets high in saturated fat and refined sugar -- may cause changes to the brains of obese people that in turn may fuel overconsumption of those same foods and make weight loss more challenging.

Patients feel more control of their health when doctors share notes Posted: 01 Oct 2012 02:11 PM PDT Patients with access to notes written by their doctors feel more in control of their care and report a better understanding of their medical issues, improved recall of their care plan and being more likely to take their medications as prescribed, a new study has found.

Immune system harnessed to improve stem cell transplant outcomes Posted: 01 Oct 2012 01:14 PM PDT A novel therapy in the early stages of development shows promise in providing lasting protection against the progression of multiple myeloma following a stem cell transplant by making the cancer cells easier targets for the immune system.

Study affirms safety of HPV4 vaccine for adolescents and young women in routine clinical care Posted: 01 Oct 2012 01:14 PM PDT A study of almost 200,000 young females who received the quadrivalent human papilloma virus vaccine found that immunization was associated only with same-day syncope and skin infections in the two weeks after vaccination. These findings support the general safety of routine vaccination with HPV4 in a clinical care setting to prevent cervical and other genital and reproductive cancers.

High use of U.S. Medicare skilled nursing benefit at end of life, study suggests Posted: 01 Oct 2012 01:14 PM PDT Almost one-third of older adults received care in a skilled nursing facility in the last six months of life under the U.S. Medicare post-hospitalization benefit, according to a new study.

Psychiatric disorders persist after youths leave detention, study finds Posted: 01 Oct 2012 01:14 PM PDT Researchers interviewed nearly 2,000 youths up to five years after they were released from juvenile detention to assess their mental health. More than 45 percent of males and nearly 30 percent of females had one or more psychiatric disorders, much higher than the general population. Substance use disorders were the most prevalent (most common in non-Hispanic whites.) Many kids don't get treatment due to lack of services, perpetuating the revolving door between the community and corrections.

Clam shells yield clues to Atlantic’s climate history Posted: 01 Oct 2012 01:12 PM PDT Researchers are studying the growth increments in clam shells to learn about past ocean conditions. A better understanding of the ocean's past can help researchers understand today's climate trends and changes.

Anemia negatively impacts heart surgery outcomes, study finds Posted: 01 Oct 2012 01:12 PM PDT Anemia is now confirmed as a risk factor for illness and even death following cardiac surgery, according to a new study. Although preoperative anemia has been linked to adverse events in other types of surgery, this is the first study to tie preoperative anemia with postoperative complications, including death, for all types of heart surgery.

Breakthrough in understanding lung cancer vulnerabilities points the way to new targeted therapy Posted: 01 Oct 2012 12:19 PM PDT More effective treatments for one of the deadliest forms of cancer are one step closer thanks to groundbreaking research.

Baboon personalities connected to social success and health benefits Posted: 01 Oct 2012 12:19 PM PDT Whether human or baboon, it helps to have friends. For both species, studies have shown that robust social networks lead to better health and longer lives. Now, researchers have shown that baboon personality plays a role in these outcomes, and, like people, some baboons' personalities are better suited to making and keeping friends than others.

Homolog of mammalian neocortex found in bird brain Posted: 01 Oct 2012 12:19 PM PDT Most higher-order processing by the human and mammalian brain is thought to occur in the neocortex, a structure on the surface of the brain. Now researchers have found cells similar to those of the mammalian neocortex in a vastly different anatomical structure in bird brains. This confirms a 50-year-old hypothesis that provoked decades of debate, sheds light on the evolution of the brain, and suggests new animal models for the neocortex.

Potential new class of drugs blocks nerve cell death Posted: 01 Oct 2012 12:19 PM PDT Researchers have identified a new class of small molecules that block nerve cell death in animal models of Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These small molecules could be a starting point for developing drugs that might help treat patients with these diseases.

Misconduct, not error, accounts for most scientific paper retractions: 10-fold increase in fraud-related retractions found Posted: 01 Oct 2012 12:19 PM PDT In sharp contrast to previous studies suggesting that errors account for the majority of retracted scientific papers, a new analysis -- the most comprehensive of its kind -- has found that misconduct is responsible for two-thirds of all retractions. In the paper, misconduct included fraud or suspected fraud, duplicate publication and plagiarism. The paper's findings show as a percentage of all scientific articles published, retractions for fraud or suspected fraud have increased 10-fold since 1975.

Tree rings go with the flow of the Amazon Posted: 01 Oct 2012 12:19 PM PDT New research has used tree rings from eight cedar trees in Bolivia to unlock a 100-year history of rainfall across the Amazon basin, which contains the world's largest river system.

Restricting nuclear power has little effect on the cost of climate policies Posted: 01 Oct 2012 12:19 PM PDT By applying a global energy-economy computer simulation that fully captures the competition between alternative power supply technologies, a team of scientists analyzed trade-offs between nuclear and climate policies. Strong greenhouse-gas emissions reduction to mitigate global warming shows to have much larger impact on economics than nuclear policy, according to the study.

Auto experts recognize cars like most people recognize faces Posted: 01 Oct 2012 12:10 PM PDT The most detailed brain meapping study to date has found that the area of the brain that recognizes faces is also used to identify objects of expertise.

Tolerance for ambiguity explains adolescents' penchant for risky behaviors Posted: 01 Oct 2012 12:10 PM PDT It is widely believed that adolescents engage in risky behaviors because of an innate tolerance for risks, but a new study has found this is not the case.

U.S. firms bringing work home from overseas, study finds Posted: 01 Oct 2012 11:14 AM PDT Increasingly, U.S. firms are moving or considering moving their manufacturing operations back to domestic soil from overseas, finds a new study.

Fluoxetine increases aggressive behavior, affects brain development among adolescent hamsters Posted: 01 Oct 2012 11:14 AM PDT Repeated administration of a low dose of fluoxetine to adolescent hamsters dramatically increased offensive aggression and altered the development of brain areas directly associated with controlling the aggressive response. Fluoxetine is one of only two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors registered for treatment of major depressive disorder in children and adolescents.

Surgeons develop framework to assess long-term impact of facial transplant operations Posted: 01 Oct 2012 11:14 AM PDT According to reconstructive surgeons, a recently developed standard scoring system that measures a patient's ability to return to a normal life predicts facial transplant procedures' long-term impact.

Form of small pox virus shows potential for treating triple-negative breast cancer Posted: 01 Oct 2012 11:14 AM PDT A new vaccinia virus, acting as both an oncolytic and anti-angiogenic agent, can enter and kill triple-negative breast cancer cells and could lead to a more targeted therapy against this deadly form of breast cancer, according to new research.

Atmospheric aerosol climate caution Posted: 01 Oct 2012 11:11 AM PDT Carbon dioxide is not the only problem we must address if we are to understand and solve the problem of climate change. We as yet do not understand adequately the role played by aerosols, clouds and their interaction, experts say, and we must take related processes into account before considering any large-scale geo-engineering.

Stem cells improve visual function in blind mice Posted: 01 Oct 2012 11:11 AM PDT An experimental treatment for blindness, developed from a patient's skin cells, improved the vision of blind mice in a study conducted by ophthalmologists and stem cell researchers.

Popular antidepressant might prevent heart failure Posted: 01 Oct 2012 11:10 AM PDT A medication usually used to help treat depression and anxiety disorders has the potential to help prevent heart failure, according to researchers.

Zinc deficiency mechanism linked to aging, multiple diseases Posted: 01 Oct 2012 11:10 AM PDT A new study has outlined for the first time a biological mechanism by which zinc deficiency can develop with age, leading to a decline of the immune system and increased inflammation associated with many health problems, including cancer, heart disease, autoimmune disease and diabetes.

Keeping hunters out of the hospital Posted: 01 Oct 2012 11:10 AM PDT Errant gunshots are an obvious health risk during fall hunting season, but a range of other dangers also can send hunters to the hospital or worse: heart attacks, injured backs and broken bones are among the most common medical emergencies.

Smartphone technology acceptable for telemedicine Posted: 01 Oct 2012 11:09 AM PDT A new study confirms the use of smartphones medical images to evaluate stroke patients in remote locations through telemedicine. The study is the first to test the effectiveness of smartphone teleradiology applications in a real-world telestroke network, researchers say.

Omega-3 supplements may slow a biological effect of aging Posted: 01 Oct 2012 11:09 AM PDT Taking enough omega-3 fatty acid supplements to change the balance of oils in the diet could slow a key biological process linked to aging, new research suggests.

No relief for relief workers: Humanitarian aid work raises risk of depression and anxiety Posted: 01 Oct 2012 10:21 AM PDT Humanitarian workers are at significant risk for mental health problems, both in the field and after returning home. The good news is that there are steps that they and their employers can take to mitigate this risk.

Marine animals could hold key to looking young: Sea cucumbers, sea urchins can change elasticity of collagen Posted: 01 Oct 2012 10:21 AM PDT Sea cucumbers and sea urchins are able to change the elasticity of collagen within their bodies, and could hold the key to maintaining a youthful appearance, according to scientists. The researchers investigated the genes of marine creatures such as sea urchins and sea cucumbers, known as echinoderms. They found the genes for "messenger molecules" known as peptides, which are released by cells and tell other cells in their bodies what to do.

Meeting pigs' phosphorous requirements with fermented soybean meal Posted: 01 Oct 2012 10:21 AM PDT Fermented soybean meal (FSBM), considered a promising substitute for fish meal in weanling pig diets because of its protein content, lower cost, and lack of anti-nutritional factors, may have an additional advantage. Researchers recently found that pigs digest the phosphorous in FSBM better than the phosphorus in conventional soybean meal.

Severely obese are fastest growing group of overweight Americans, study finds Posted: 01 Oct 2012 10:21 AM PDT The proportion of Americans who are severely obese -- those people 100 pounds or more overweight -- continues to increase rapidly and much faster than those with moderate obesity, but the rate of growth has slowed, according to a new study.

Biological markers increase clinical trial success rate of new breast cancer drugs Posted: 01 Oct 2012 09:54 AM PDT Using biological markers -- genetic characteristics that are associated with some patients with breast cancer -- can increase the success rate of clinical trials for breast cancer drugs by almost 50 per cent, says new research.

Low birth weight may increase risk for cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and diabetes Posted: 01 Oct 2012 09:54 AM PDT Being born underweight may have consequences other than the known short-term effects according to researchers. Low birth weight rats have an increased long-term risk for cardiovascular and kidney disease, and diabetes. Also, older females are at higher risk of developing high blood pressure before and during pregnancy, which may restrict growth in the womb, causing offspring to born at a low birth weight.

Camels to help fight Alzheimer's? New class of antibody from camelids that can cross the blood-brain barrier Posted: 01 Oct 2012 09:52 AM PDT Could camels help fight Alzheimer's disease? Scientists have announced a discovery that may lead to enhanced imaging of, and improved drug delivery to the brain. New research describes a new class of antibody from camelids that can cross the blood-brain barrier, diffuse into brain tissue, and reach specific targets. These antibodies may be instrumental for people with brain diseases poorly diagnosed and treated using today's tools.

PET predicts early response to treatment for head and neck cancer patients Posted: 01 Oct 2012 09:52 AM PDT Determining the optimal treatment course and predicting outcomes may get easier in the future for patients with head and neck sqaumous cell carcinomas with the use of an investigational imaging agent. New research shows that positron emission tomography imaging with 3'-deoxy-3'F-18-fluorothymidine during treatment and early follow-up has the potential to predict therapeutic responses.

Association between common heartburn drugs and risk of pneumonia questioned Posted: 01 Oct 2012 09:52 AM PDT Previous studies associating the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) -- which include popular anti-heartburn medications like Prilosec and Nexium -- with an increased incidence of pneumonia may not have found a true cause-and-effect relationship. A new study outlines a strategy for determining when the results of such observational studies may have been distorted by unmeasured factors and then finds that may be the case with the association between PPIs and pneumonia risk.

Macrophage accumulation of triglycerides yields insights into atherosclerosis Posted: 01 Oct 2012 09:52 AM PDT A new report helps explain how specific immune cells, called macrophages, accumulate triglycerides to support their function. Because a characteristic finding in atherosclerosis is the accumulation of fat in macrophages in the arterial wall, understanding how macrophages accumulate triglycerides may lead to new approaches toward slowing or stopping the development of atherosclerosis.

Baby communication gives clues to autism Posted: 01 Oct 2012 09:48 AM PDT Babies' non-verbal communication skills can help predict outcomes in children at high risk of developing autism, new research shows.

Trapping weevils and saving monarchs Posted: 01 Oct 2012 09:47 AM PDT Ensuring the monarch butterfly's survival by saving its milkweed habitat could result from U.S. Department of Agriculture studies initially intended to improve detection of boll weevils with pheromone traps.

Poor sleep in adolescents may increase risk of heart disease Posted: 01 Oct 2012 09:47 AM PDT Adolescents who sleep poorly may be at risk of cardiovascular disease in later life, according to a new study.

Sugar-free approach to treating Kaposi sarcoma Posted: 01 Oct 2012 09:47 AM PDT A sugar-loving protein drives the growth of Kaposi sarcoma tumors, according to a new study. Interfering with these sugary interactions inhibited growth of Kaposi sarcomas in mice, hinting at the potential for new treatment strategies in humans.

Engineering the immune system to fight melanoma Posted: 01 Oct 2012 09:38 AM PDT Medical researchers have launched the first clinical trial in the Midwest of an experimental melanoma treatment that genetically engineers a patient's immune system to fight the deadly cancer.

As flu season approaches, why do college students ignore the H1N1 vaccine? Posted: 01 Oct 2012 09:38 AM PDT A risk communication study focuses on perceptions, information seeking and intent in coming to grips with a 13 percent flu vaccination rate among students sampled despite a strong CDC health outreach campaign.

Moderate alcohol consumption may increase risk of atrial fibrillation in people with heart disease Posted: 01 Oct 2012 09:38 AM PDT Moderate drinking is common for more than a third of the population. A new study suggests the effect of alcohol consumption, even in moderate amounts, on atrial fibrillation risk in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease may be considerable.

Yearlong MAGIC climate study launches: Climate instruments mounted aboard the Horizon Spirit container ship begin taking data Posted: 01 Oct 2012 08:14 AM PDT A Horizon Lines container ship outfitted with meteorological and atmospheric instruments installed by US Department of Energy scientists from Argonne National Laboratory and Brookhaven National Laboratory will begin taking data today for a yearlong mission aimed at improving the representation of clouds in climate models.

'Green Brain' project to create an autonomous flying robot with a honey bee brain Posted: 01 Oct 2012 08:14 AM PDT Scientists in the UK are embarking on an ambitious project to produce the first accurate computer models of a honey bee brain in a bid to advance our understanding of artificial intelligence, and how animals think.

Chaos theory and a little physics predict the outcome at the roulette table Posted: 01 Oct 2012 08:06 AM PDT With enough information, physics can predict a great deal about the world around us, and that includes the fall of the ball in the game of roulette.

Chemical memory of seawater: Scientists examine biomolecules dissolved in the ocean and read them like a history book Posted: 01 Oct 2012 07:24 AM PDT Water does not forget, according to a chemist. Irrespective of what happens in the sea: whether the sun shines, algae bloom or a school of dolphins swims through a marine area -- everything and everyone leaves biomolecular tracks. With the help of a combination of new techniques, scientists can now identify and retrace some of these.

Computerized osteoporosis detection Posted: 01 Oct 2012 07:24 AM PDT A computerized approach to examining patient bone X-rays for diagnosis of osteoporosis could side-step the subjectivity associated with visual examination, according to a new research.

Reduced glaucoma risk found in patients who take statins Posted: 01 Oct 2012 07:24 AM PDT People who take statins to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease are less likely to be diagnosed with the most common form of glaucoma, according to a U.S. nationwide study of more than 300,000 patients. Scientists found the risk for glaucoma was reduced by eight percent in patients who took statins continuously for two years, compared with patients who did not take statins.

How immune cells defend themselves against HIV Posted: 01 Oct 2012 06:59 AM PDT Scientists have decoded a mechanism used by the human immune system to protect itself from HIV viruses. The results provide new insights into the molecular background of AIDS and could open up starting points for new treatments.

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