Monday, 23 January 2012

ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

ScienceDaily: Latest Science News


Group settings can diminish expressions of intelligence, especially among women

Posted: 22 Jan 2012 05:12 PM PST

Research has found that small-group dynamics -- such as jury deliberations, collective bargaining sessions, and cocktail parties -- can alter the expression of IQ in some susceptible people.

Plant flavonoid luteolin blocks cell signaling pathways in colon cancer cells

Posted: 22 Jan 2012 05:12 PM PST

Luteolin is a flavonoid commonly found in fruit and vegetables. This compound has been shown in laboratory conditions to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties but results from epidemiological studies have been less certain. New research shows that luteolin is able to inhibit the activity of cell signaling pathways (IGF and PI3K) important for the growth of cancer in colon cancer cells.

Advantages of living in the dark: Multiple evolution events of 'blind' cavefish

Posted: 22 Jan 2012 05:12 PM PST

Blind Mexican cavefish have not only lost their sight but have adapted to perpetual darkness by also losing their pigment (albinism) and having altered sleep patterns. New research shows that the cavefish are an example of convergent evolution, with several populations repeatedly, and independently, losing their sight and pigmentation.

Sweeping genetic analysis of rare disease yields common mechanism of hypertension

Posted: 22 Jan 2012 12:25 PM PST

Analyzing all the genes of dozens of people suffering from a rare form of hypertension, researchers have discovered a new mechanism that regulates the blood pressure of all humans.

Cooling semiconductors by laser light

Posted: 22 Jan 2012 12:25 PM PST

Researchers have combined two fields -- quantum physics and nano physics -- and this has led to the discovery of a new method for laser cooling semiconductor membranes. Semiconductors are vital components in many electronics, and the efficient cooling of components is important for future quantum computers and ultrasensitive sensors. The new cooling method works quite paradoxically by heating the material. Using lasers, researchers cooled membrane fluctuations to minus 269 degrees C.

Vaccines to boost immunity where it counts, not just near shot site

Posted: 22 Jan 2012 12:25 PM PST

Researchers have created synthetic nanoparticles that target lymph nodes and greatly boost vaccine responses.

Genetic mechanism linked to congenital heart disease identified

Posted: 22 Jan 2012 12:25 PM PST

Scientists have identified a finely tuned mechanism by which fetal heart muscle develops into a healthy and fully formed beating heart -- offering new insight into the genetic causes of congenital heart disease and opening the door to one day developing therapies to fight this chronic and potentially fatal disorder.

New understanding of chronic pain

Posted: 22 Jan 2012 12:24 PM PST

Millions of people worldwide suffer from a type of chronic pain called neuropathic pain, which is triggered by nerve damage. Precisely how this pain persists has been a mystery, and current treatments are largely ineffective. But scientists, using a new approach known as metabolomics, have now discovered a major clue: dimethylsphingosine (DMS), a small-molecule byproduct of cellular membranes in the nervous system. In their new study, the scientists found that DMS is produced at abnormally high levels in the spinal cords of rats with neuropathic pain and appears to cause pain when injected. The findings suggest inhibiting this molecule may be a fruitful target for drug development.

Nanmaterial detects and removes arsenic from drinking water

Posted: 21 Jan 2012 01:04 PM PST

Scientists have developed a nanomaterial which enables simple detection and removal of arsenic from drinking water.

Anti-infective drug shortages pose threat to public health and patient care

Posted: 20 Jan 2012 03:29 PM PST

Shortages of key drugs used to fight infections represent a public health emergency and can put patients at risk, according to a new review. Frequent anti-infective shortages can substantially alter clinical care and may lead to worse outcomes for patients, particularly as the development of new anti-infectives has slowed and the prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogens is increasing.

Using Hollywood technology to unlock the secret of pianist's sounds

Posted: 20 Jan 2012 03:29 PM PST

University of Southampton academics are pioneering a new way of using motion capture technology to examine the way pianists play the piano. By using a unique kinematic measurement technique, known as HAWK (Hand And Wrist Kinematics), researchers will be able to look at individual pianists' playing technique - giving an insight into the posture of their hands on the keys and the movements they use - hopefully showing how this translates into the unique sound they create.

How well does protective headgear works for small children participating in winter activities?

Posted: 20 Jan 2012 03:27 PM PST

Researchers find surprising results regarding how much protection helmets afford children participating in winter sports activities.

Tactile imaging sensor can assist doctors with early identification of tumors

Posted: 20 Jan 2012 03:24 PM PST

A handheld tactile imaging sensor could aid doctors in early identification of cancerous lesions or tumors.

Abnormal chromosome indicates outcome for rare brain tumor

Posted: 19 Jan 2012 09:35 PM PST

A new trial shows that, in adults with an oligodendroglioma brain tumor, a chromosomal abnormality is associated with a near-doubling of median survival time and better prognosis when combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy is compared to radiation therapy alone.

Accelerated infant growth increases future asthma symptom risk

Posted: 19 Jan 2012 09:30 PM PST

Accelerated growth in the first three months of life, but not fetal growth, is associated with an increased risk of asthma symptoms in young children, according to a new study.

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