Monday 13 August 2012

ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

Full color images at 100,000 dots-per-inch resolution, using metal-laced nano-structures

Posted: 12 Aug 2012 07:39 PM PDT

Inspired by colorful stained-glass windows, researchers from Singapore have demonstrated an innovative method for producing sharp, full-spectrum color images at 100,000 dpi which can be applicable in reflective color displays, anti-counterfeiting, and high-density optical data recording.

Rat and ant rescues 'don't show empathy'

Posted: 12 Aug 2012 01:08 PM PDT

Studies of how rats and ants rescue other members of their species do not prove that animals other than humans have empathy, according to biologists.

Smelling a skunk after a cold: Brain changes after a stuffed nose protect the sense of smell

Posted: 12 Aug 2012 12:17 PM PDT

Once our nostrils clear after a cold, we take for granted that our sniffers will dependably rebound. That dependability is no accident. It turns out the brain is working behind the scenes to make sure the sense is just as sharp after the nose recovers. A new study shows that after the human nose has been blocked for a week, brain activity rapidly changes in the regions connected to the olfactory system.

Differences in the genomes of related plant pathogens

Posted: 12 Aug 2012 12:17 PM PDT

Even in closely related species, lifestyle molds the genetic makeup of pathogens and how their genes are used.

Unraveling intricate interactions, one molecule at a time

Posted: 12 Aug 2012 12:17 PM PDT

In a key step towards the design of better organic electronic devices, an engineering team has succeeded in performing the first quantitative characterization of van der Waals interactions at metal/organic interfaces at the single-molecule level. The researchers reveal the existence of two distinct binding regimes in gold-molecule-gold single-molecule junctions, using molecules containing nitrogen atoms at their extremities that are attracted to gold surfaces.

Urban Sun Corridor 4 degrees warmer?

Posted: 12 Aug 2012 12:17 PM PDT

In the first study to attempt to quantify the impact of rapidly expanding megapolitan areas on regional climate, a team of researchers has established that local maximum summertime warming resulting from projected expansion of the urban Sun Corridor could approach 4 degrees Celsius.

World's most powerful X-ray laser beam refined to scalpel precision

Posted: 12 Aug 2012 12:17 PM PDT

With a thin sliver of diamond, scientists have transformed the Linac Coherent Light Source into an even more precise tool for exploring the nanoworld. The improvements yield laser pulses focused to higher intensity in a much narrower band of X-ray wavelengths, and may enable experiments that have never before been possible.

How stress and depression can shrink the brain

Posted: 12 Aug 2012 12:16 PM PDT

Major depression or chronic stress can cause the loss of brain volume, a condition that contributes to both emotional and cognitive impairment. Now scientists have discovered one reason why this occurs -- a single genetic switch that triggers loss of brain connections in humans and depression in animal models.

Ten new diabetes gene links offer picture of biology underlying disease

Posted: 12 Aug 2012 12:16 PM PDT

Ten more DNA regions linked to type 2 diabetes have been discovered by an international team of researchers, bringing the total to over 60. The study provides a fuller picture of the genetics and biological processes underlying type 2 diabetes, with some clear patterns emerging.

New genetic regions influencing blood glucose traits revealed

Posted: 12 Aug 2012 12:16 PM PDT

Researchers have used a specially designed DNA chip, the MetaboChip array, to identify 38 new genetic regions that are associated with glucose and insulin levels in the blood. This brings the total number of genetic regions associated with glucose and insulin levels to 53, over half of which are associated with type 2 diabetes.

Scientists' gold discovery sheds light on catalysis

Posted: 12 Aug 2012 12:16 PM PDT

Physicists have made an important advance in establishing the catalytic properties of gold at a nano level. They discovered that the catalytic activity of nanoporous gold (NPG) originates from high concentrations of surface defects present within its complex three-dimensional structure.

Mutations disrupt cellular recycling, cause a childhood genetic disease

Posted: 12 Aug 2012 12:15 PM PDT

Researchers have identified a key gene that, when mutated, causes the rare multisystem disorder Cornelia deLange syndrome. Mutations in the HDAC8 gene disrupt genetic transcripton, impairing early development.

Curiosity sends high-resolution color images from Mars' Gale Crater

Posted: 12 Aug 2012 07:09 AM PDT

NASA's Curiosity rover has shipped back to Earth high-resolution color images of its surroundings on Mars, sharpening our views of an intriguing channel, layered buttes and a layer of cobbles and pebbles embedded in a finer matrix of material. The images show a landscape closely resembling portions of the southwestern United States, adding to the impression gained from the lower-resolution thumbnail images released earlier this week.

Stem cells may prevent post-injury arthritis

Posted: 10 Aug 2012 08:28 AM PDT

Researchers may have found a promising stem cell therapy for preventing osteoarthritis after a joint injury.
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