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ScienceDaily: Latest Science News |
Thickest parts of Arctic ice cap melting faster Posted: 29 Feb 2012 04:00 PM PST A new study revealed that the oldest and thickest Arctic sea ice is disappearing at a faster rate than the younger and thinner ice at the edges of the Arctic Ocean's floating ice cap. |
New infant formula ingredients boost babies' immunity by feeding their gut bacteria Posted: 29 Feb 2012 12:55 PM PST Adding prebiotic ingredients to infant formula helps colonize the newborn's gut with a stable population of beneficial bacteria, and probiotics enhance immunity in formula-fed infants, two studies report. |
Who's in the know? To a preschooler, the person doing the pointing Posted: 29 Feb 2012 12:55 PM PST If you want a preschooler to get the point, point. That's a lesson that can be drawn from a new study. As part of their investigation of how small children know what other people know, the authors found they were able to mislead preschoolers with the simple introduction of a pointing gesture. |
Reversing Alzheimer's gene 'blockade' can restore memory, other cognitive functions Posted: 29 Feb 2012 12:55 PM PST Neuroscientists have shown that an enzyme overproduced in the brains of Alzheimer's patients creates a blockade that shuts off genes necessary to form new memories. Furthermore, by inhibiting that enzyme in mice, the researchers were able to reverse Alzheimer's symptoms. |
Effects of a concussion may last longer than symptoms Posted: 29 Feb 2012 12:50 PM PST A new study shows that physiological problems stemming from a concussion may continue to present in the patient even after standard symptoms subside. |
Earthworms to blame for decline of ovenbirds in northern Midwest forests Posted: 29 Feb 2012 11:22 AM PST A recent decline in ovenbirds, a ground-nesting migratory songbird, in forests in the northern Midwest United States is being linked by scientists to a seemingly unlikely culprit: earthworms. |
How insects 'remodel' their bodies between life stages Posted: 29 Feb 2012 11:22 AM PST How is it that an insect can remake itself so completely that it appears to be a different creature altogether, not just once, but several times in its lifetime? Working with fruit flies scientists found that genes whose expression is induced by pulses of steroid hormone are key to these transformations. A similar mechanism may underlie puberty -- the human analog of metamorphosis. |
Reawakening neurons: Researchers find an epigenetic culprit in memory decline Posted: 29 Feb 2012 11:21 AM PST In a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, memory problems stem from an overactive enzyme that shuts off genes related to neuron communication. Researchers genetically blocked the enzyme HDAC2, and 'reawakened' some of the neurons -- restoring the animals' cognitive function. |
Blockade of learning and memory genes may occur early in Alzheimer's disease: Treatable in mice Posted: 29 Feb 2012 11:21 AM PST A repression of gene activity in the brain appears to be an early event affecting people with Alzheimer's disease, researchers have found. In mouse models of Alzheimer's disease, this epigenetic blockade and its effects on memory were treatable. |
Finding a potent new energy source by listening for Earth's gas bubbles? Posted: 29 Feb 2012 11:21 AM PST What if we could cheaply and efficiently detect a potent new energy source, while also monitoring for environmental safety? Physicists are using the symphony of sound produced in the ocean to do just that. |
Astronomers rediscover life on Earth -- by looking at the moon Posted: 29 Feb 2012 11:08 AM PST By observing the Moon using ESO's Very Large Telescope, astronomers have found evidence of life in the universe -- on Earth. Finding life on our home planet may sound like a trivial observation, but the novel approach may lead to future discoveries of life elsewhere in the universe. |
Oldest fossilized forest: Entire fossil forest dating back 385 million years unearthed Posted: 29 Feb 2012 11:08 AM PST Researcher who previously found evidence of the Earth's earliest tree, has gone one step further. The research team has now unearthed and investigated an entire fossil forest dating back 385 million years. |
When continents collide: New twist to 50-million-year-old tale Posted: 29 Feb 2012 11:06 AM PST Fifty million years ago, India slammed into Eurasia, a collision that gave rise to the tallest landforms on the planet, the Himalaya Mountains and the Tibetan Plateau. |
Old drug reveals new tricks: How interferon works to suppress virus in patients with HIV, hepatitis Posted: 29 Feb 2012 11:06 AM PST A drug once taken by people with HIV/AIDS but long ago shelved after newer, modern antiretroviral therapies became available has now shed light on how the human body uses its natural immunity to fight the virus—work that could help uncover new targets for drugs. |
The ever-expanding definition of 'diversity' Posted: 29 Feb 2012 09:11 AM PST Diversity has become a goal for all sorts of institutions -- but what it means may depend on who you ask. A new study finds that people's ideologies help determine what they count as "diverse." |
Posted: 29 Feb 2012 09:11 AM PST Voting behavior cannot be predicted by one or two genes as previous researchers have claimed, according to a professor of public policy and political science. |
Genetics of endangered African monkey suggest troubles from warming climate Posted: 29 Feb 2012 07:52 AM PST A rare and endangered monkey in an African equatorial rainforest is providing a look into our climatic future through its DNA. Its genes show that wild drills, already an overhunted species, may see a dramatic population decline if the forest dries out and vegetation becomes sparser amid warming temperatures, researchers report. |
No workout? No worries: Scientists prevent muscle loss in mice, despite disease and inactivity Posted: 29 Feb 2012 07:51 AM PST If you want big muscles without working out, there's hope. Scientists report a family of protein transcription factors, called "Forkhead (Fox0)," that plays a significant role in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass. Interfering with Fox0 prevented muscle wasting associated with cancer and sepsis, and even promoted muscle growth. This is likely relevant to any disease, condition or lifestyle that leads to muscle wasting. |
Gluten-free, casein-free diet may help some children with autism, research suggests Posted: 29 Feb 2012 07:51 AM PST A gluten-free, casein-free diet may lead to improvements in behavior and physiological symptoms in some children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), according to researchers. The research is the first to use survey data from parents to document the effectiveness of a gluten-free, casein-free diet on children with ASD. |
Foot bones allow researchers to determine sex of skeletal remains Posted: 29 Feb 2012 07:51 AM PST Law enforcement officials who are tasked with identifying a body based on partial skeletal remains have a new tool at their disposal. A new paper from North Carolina State University researchers details how to determine the biological sex of skeletal remains based solely on measurements of the seven tarsal bones in the feet. |
Winning makes people more aggressive toward the defeated Posted: 29 Feb 2012 07:47 AM PST In this world, there are winners and losers – and, for your own safety, it is best to fear the winners. |
Unlocking the secrets of sea turtle migration Posted: 29 Feb 2012 07:47 AM PST Sea turtles have long and complex lives; they can live into their 70s or 80s and they famously return to their birthplace to nest. But new research suggests this isn't the only big migration in a sea turtle's life. |
Posted: 29 Feb 2012 06:19 AM PST The prevailing model for planetary accretion assumes that the solar system's planets formed in an extremely hot, two-dimensional disk of gas and dust, post-dating the sun. Scientists now propose a radically different model, in which collapse takes place in a cold, three-dimensional dust cloud. |
Inherited epigenetics produced record fast evolution Posted: 29 Feb 2012 06:18 AM PST The domestication of chickens has given rise to rapid and extensive changes in genome function. Scientists have established that the changes are heritable, although they do not affect the DNA structure. |
T. rex has most powerful bite of any terrestrial animal ever Posted: 28 Feb 2012 05:38 PM PST Research, using computer models to reconstruct the jaw muscle of Tyrannosaurus rex, has suggested that the dinosaur had the most powerful bite of any living or extinct terrestrial animal. |
Posted: 28 Feb 2012 08:43 AM PST Rising sea levels are likely to change Southern California beaches in the coming century, but not in ways you might expect. While some beaches may shrink or possibly disappear, others are poised to remain relatively large -- leaving an uneven distribution of economic gains and losses for coastal beach towns, according to a new study. |
Scientists discover new 'off switch' in immune response Posted: 28 Feb 2012 08:43 AM PST Scientists have discovered a new "off switch" in our immune response which could be boosted in diseases caused by over-activation of our immune system, or blocked to improve vaccines. |
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ScienceDaily: Latest Science News |
Researchers test sugary solution to Alzheimer's disease Posted: 28 Feb 2012 04:10 PM PST Slowing or preventing the development of Alzheimer's disease, a fatal brain condition expected to hit one in 85 people globally by 2050, may be as simple as ensuring a brain protein's sugar levels are maintained, according to researchers. |
Stopping hormone therapy might help breast cancer to regress Posted: 28 Feb 2012 04:09 PM PST As soon as women quit hormone therapy, their rates of new breast cancer decline, supporting the hypothesis that stopping hormones can lead to tumor regression, according to a new report. |
Elephant behavior and conservation issues Posted: 28 Feb 2012 04:09 PM PST Researchers are using fieldwork and genetics research to uncover insights into elephant population genetics and social behavior as well as how human activities alter elephants' social and genetic structures. |
New 'magnetic yeast' marks step toward harnessing Nature's magnetic capabilities Posted: 28 Feb 2012 04:09 PM PST Researchers have developed a method for inducing magnetic sensitivity in an organism that is not naturally magnetic -- yeast. Their technology could potentially be used to magnetize a variety of different cell types in medical, industrial and research applications. |
Molecular duo dictate human weight and energy levels Posted: 28 Feb 2012 04:09 PM PST Researchers have discovered a key cellular mechanism that may help the brain control how much we eat, what we weigh, and how much energy we have. |
Posted: 28 Feb 2012 03:58 PM PST How did the first stars and galaxies bring the young universe out of its dark ages and into the light? Three prominent researchers discuss how new instruments and observational techniques may find the answer. |
Potential solution to melanoma's resistance to vemurafenib Posted: 28 Feb 2012 03:58 PM PST Researchers have found that the XL888 inhibitor can prevent resistance to the chemotherapy drug vemurafenib, commonly used for treating patients with melanoma. |
Posted: 28 Feb 2012 03:55 PM PST Just as a wine glass vibrates and sometimes breaks when a diva sings the right note, carbon dioxide vibrates when light or heat serenades it. When it does, carbon dioxide exhibits a vibrational puzzle known as Fermi resonance. Now, researchers studying geologic carbon storage have learned a bit more about the nature of carbon dioxide. |
Open your eyes and smell the roses: Activating the visual cortex improves our sense of smell Posted: 28 Feb 2012 03:55 PM PST A new study reveals for the first time that activating the brain's visual cortex with a small amount of electrical stimulation actually improves our sense of smell. |
Posted: 28 Feb 2012 12:22 PM PST A mysterious phenomenon detected by space probes has finally been explained, thanks to a massive computer simulation that was able to precisely align with details of spacecraft observations. The simulation shows that an active region in Earth's magnetotail, where "reconnection" events take place in the magnetic field, is roughly 1,000 times larger than had been thought. |
Mutated plants may be better for biofuels Posted: 28 Feb 2012 12:21 PM PST A new study says genetic mutations in plants could make it easier to break down plant cellulose to the sugars that are fermented into biofuels. |
Eat your broccoli: Another mechanism discovered by which sulforaphane prevents cancer Posted: 28 Feb 2012 11:05 AM PST Researchers have discovered yet another reason why the "sulforaphane" compound in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables is so good for you -- it provides not just one, but two ways to prevent cancer through the complex mechanism of epigenetics. |
Lake Chad: Inhabitants adapt to lower water levels Posted: 28 Feb 2012 11:05 AM PST Lake Chad used to be one of the biggest lakes in the world, but its volume has been reduced to a tenth of what it was in the 1960s. The way this lake has dried up has become a symbol of climate change in action. It's true that the lake's water level has always changed, but this hasn't diminished the major changes to the lifestyle of the inhabitants of the lake's shoreline. |
Nowhere to hide: Tigers threatened by human destruction of groundcover Posted: 28 Feb 2012 11:05 AM PST A new study is the first of its kind to systematically investigate the use of different land cover types for tiger habitat. |
Posted: 28 Feb 2012 09:39 AM PST Scientists suggest that renewable energy is a viable option for electrical power in developing and emerging nations. Researchers point out that in most of these nations, the demand for energy far exceeds the generating capacity. |
Predicting children's language development Posted: 28 Feb 2012 09:39 AM PST We depend on a barrage of standardized tests to assess everything from aptitude to intelligence. But do they provide an accurate forecast when it comes to something as complex as language? A new Language Use Inventory does, researchers say. |
Cold air chills heart's oxygen supply, making snow shoveling dangerous for some people Posted: 28 Feb 2012 09:39 AM PST People with heart disease may not be able to compensate for their bodies' higher demand for oxygen when inhaling cold air, according to researchers, making snow shoveling and other activities dangerous for some. |
Overfishing threatens the survival of seabirds Posted: 28 Feb 2012 09:38 AM PST From gannets to seagulls, puffins to penguins, all seabirds suffer the same drop in birth rates when the supply of fish drops to less than a third of maximum capacity. Below the critical level of one third of the fish biomass, the birds — and the stability of the entire ecosystem —- come under threat. |
The Brazilian rainforest : Caught between biodiversity and business Posted: 28 Feb 2012 09:38 AM PST Brazil is exporting more and more agricultural produce: soya beans and beef in particular, but also corn, rice and sugar. Taken together, these exports represent half of Brazil's total today. The increase in the export of commodities brings both a higher degree of economic dependency and a threat to the Amazon rainforest. |
Initial genetic analysis reveals Iceman Ötzi predisposed to cardiovascular disease Posted: 28 Feb 2012 09:38 AM PST The famous Iceman mummy known as Ötzi was genetically predisposed to cardiovascular diseases, according to recent studies. Not only was this genetic predisposition demonstrable in the 5,000-year-old ice mummy, there was also already a symptom in the form of arteriosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries. |
Newly emerging staph strain transits more easily among humans Posted: 28 Feb 2012 08:43 AM PST Using genome sequencing and household surveillance, scientists have pieced together how a newly emerging type of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria has adapted to transmit more easily among humans. Their new study underscores the need for vigilance in surveillance of S. aureus. |
Study compares traits of autism, schizophrenia Posted: 28 Feb 2012 08:43 AM PST A professor is studying the differences between the social impairments found in autism and schizophrenia to help develop better treatments for people with both disorders. Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia are distinct disorders with unique characteristics, but they share similarities in social dysfunction. |
Stress changes how people make decisions Posted: 28 Feb 2012 08:43 AM PST Trying to make a big decision while you're also preparing for a scary presentation? You might want to hold off on that. Feeling stressed changes how people weigh risk and reward. A new article published in Current Directions in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, reviews how, under stress, people pay more attention to the upside of a possible outcome. |
Enhanced brain-computer interface promises unparalleled autonomy for disabled Posted: 28 Feb 2012 08:42 AM PST In the 2009 film Surrogates, humans live vicariously through robots while safely remaining in their own homes. That sci-fi future is still a long way off, but recent advances in technology are bringing this technology a step closer to reality in order to give disabled people more autonomy and independence than ever before. |
Cannabis: The good, the evil, the ugly Posted: 28 Feb 2012 08:41 AM PST Cannabis-like substances that are produced by the body have both therapeutic and harmful properties, besides their well-known intoxicating effects, and the body's cannabinoid system may be a target for new strategies in cancer treatment, new research suggests. |
Better health another reason for getting a degree Posted: 28 Feb 2012 08:40 AM PST Attaining at least a bachelor's degree after 25 years of age is associated with better midlife health, new research shows. |
Eye movement not engaged in 'arms race' Posted: 28 Feb 2012 08:40 AM PST We make our eye movements earlier or later in order to coordinate with movements of our arms, neuroscientists have found. Their study points to a mechanism in the brain that allows for this coordination and may have implications for rehabilitation and prosthetics. |
Tomb exploration reveals first archaeological evidence of Christianity from the time of Jesus Posted: 28 Feb 2012 07:21 AM PST An examination via robotic camera of an Herodian era tomb near Jerusalem has yielded ossuary engravings that strongly imply Christian culture, including an icon that seems to invoke the Jonah story, the most popular icon in third century CE Roman tomb -- previously the earliest Christian images. The tomb is in close proximity to the controversial "Jesus Tomb," which contained an ossuary engraved "Jesus son of Joseph." |
How cells make the most of limited resources Posted: 28 Feb 2012 07:20 AM PST The bacterium that causes atypical pneumonia is helping scientists uncover how cells make the most of limited resources. By measuring all the proteins this bacterium produces, scientists have found that the secret is fine-tuning. |
Sperm cannot detect smells: End of 'Lily of the Valley phenomenon' in sperm research? Posted: 28 Feb 2012 07:20 AM PST Scientists have now discovered that sperm do not function like olfactory cells -- a finding that casts doubt on the assumption that scents play a role in fertilization. |
How the brain responds to deceptive advertising Posted: 28 Feb 2012 07:20 AM PST Several specific regions of our brains are activated in a two-part process when we are exposed to deceptive advertising, according to new research. The work opens the door to further research that could help us understand how brain injury and aging may affect our susceptibility to fraud or misleading marketing. |
Direct measurement of the formation length of photons Posted: 28 Feb 2012 07:20 AM PST How long does it take an electron to form a photon? The answer would normally be: so short a time that it cannot be measured. However, the scientists responsible for experiment NA63 have now succeeded in dragging out the process, thereby making it measurable. |
New measuring techniques can improve efficiency, safety of nanoparticles Posted: 28 Feb 2012 07:20 AM PST Using high-precision microscopy and X-ray scattering techniques, researchers have gained eye-opening insights into the process of applying green chemistry to nanotechnology that results in high yields, improves efficiency and dramatically reduces waste and potential negative exposure to human health or the environment. |
World's smallest radio stations: Two molecules communicate via single photons Posted: 28 Feb 2012 07:17 AM PST We know since the dawn of modern physics that although events in our everyday life can be described by classical physics, the interaction of light and matter is down deep governed by the laws of quantum mechanics. Despite this century-old wisdom, accessing truly quantum mechanical situations remains nontrivial, fascinating and noteworthy even in the laboratory. Recently, interest in this area has been boosted beyond academic curiosity because of the potential for more efficient and novel forms of information processing. |
Optogenetic tool elucidated: Opening of the ion channel with light Posted: 28 Feb 2012 07:17 AM PST Controlling nerve cells with the aid of light: this is made possible by optogenetics. It enables, for example, the investigation of neurobiological processes with unprecedented spatial and temporal precision. Biophysicists have now succeeded in explaining the switching mechanism. |
Future smart phones will project images on the wall Posted: 28 Feb 2012 07:17 AM PST New laser light source has a global market in consumer electronics. Mobile phones currently on the market are capable of showing high quality images and video, but the phones' small size sets insurmountable limits on screen size, and thus the viewing experience. Scientists are now developing a better laser light source for projectors that will be integrated into mobile phones, which will enable accurate and efficient projection of, for example, photographs and movies on any surface. |
How accurate are rapid flu tests? Posted: 27 Feb 2012 05:47 PM PST A new study has put the accuracy of rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) under the microscope. The meta-analysis of 159 studies showed three key findings: that RIDTs can be used to confirm the flu, but not to rule it out; that test accuracy is higher in children than it is in adults; and that RIDTs are better at detecting the more common influenza A virus than they are at detecting influenza B. |
How immune system's 'first responders' target infection Posted: 27 Feb 2012 01:28 PM PST Researchers have discovered previously unsuspected aspects of the chemokine guidance system used by the body's first line of defense against infection. |
Ice Age coyotes were supersized compared to coyotes today, fossil study reveals Posted: 27 Feb 2012 12:27 PM PST Coyotes today are pint-sized compared to their Ice Age counterparts, finds a new fossil study. Between 11,500 and 10,000 years ago -- a mere blink of an eye in geologic terms -- coyotes shrunk to their present size. The sudden shrinkage was most likely a response to dwindling food supply and changing interactions with competitors, rather than warming climate, researchers say. |
One-way romantic attraction? Ways to save your guy-gal friendship Posted: 27 Feb 2012 10:27 AM PST When one friend admits they are "into" the other but the feeling isn't mutual, the relationship can indeed be in jeopardy. Friendships often dissolve under these circumstances, but not always, say experts. |
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